Today in History – September 15th
- 668, Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse, Italy.
- 1254, Marco Polo, Italian explorer. (d. 1324) was born.
- 1616, 1st non-aristocratic, free public school in Europe is opened in Frascati, Italy.
- 1762, Seven Years War: Battle of Signal Hill.
- 1776, American Revolutionary War: British forces land at Kip’s Bay during the New York Campaign.
- 1789, The US Department of State is established (formerly known as the “Department of Foreign Affairs”).
- 1812, The French army under Napoleon reaches the Kremlin in Moscow.
- 1812, War of 1812: A second supply train sent to relieve Fort Harrison is ambushed in the Attack at the Narrows.
- 1816, HMS Whiting ran aground on the Doom Bar
- 1820, Constitutionalist revolution in Lisbon, Portugal.
- 1821, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica jointly declare independence from Spain.
- 1831, The locomotive John Bull operates for 1st time in New Jersey on the Camden and Amboy Railroad.
- 1835, HMS Beagle, with Charles Darwin aboard, reaches the Galapagos Islands.
- 1851, Saint Joseph’s University is founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- 1857, William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States and 10th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1930) was born.
- 1862, American Civil War: Confederate forces capture Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
- 1873, Franco-Prussian War: The last German troops leave France upon completion of payment of indemnity.
- 1881, Ettore Bugatti, Italian automobile engineer and designer (d. 1947) was born.
- 1885, Jumbo, P. T. Barnum’s circus elephant (b. 1861) died.
- 1890, Agatha Christie, English writer (d. 1976) was born.
- 1904, King Umberto II of Italy (d. 1983) was born.
- 1907, Fay Wray, Canadian-born American actress (d. 2004) was born.
- 1916, WWI: Tanks are used for 1st time in battle, at the Battle of the Somme.
- 1928, Julian “Cannonball” Adderley, American saxophonist and bandleader (d. 1975) was born.
- 1935, Nazi Germany adopts a new national flag with the swastika.
- 1935, The Nuremberg Laws deprive German Jews of citizenship.
- 1940, WWII: The climax of the Battle of Britain, when the Royal Air Force shoots down large numbers of Luftwaffe aircraft.
- 1942, WWII: US Navy aircraft carrier USS Wasp is torpedoed at Guadalcanal.
- 1944, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill meet in Quebec as part of the Octagon Conference to discuss strategy.
- 1947, RCA releases the 12AX7 vacuum tube.
- 1948, The F-86 Sabre sets the world aircraft speed record at 671 miles per hour (1,080 km/h).
- 1950, Korean War: US forces land at Inchon
- 1952, United Nations gives Eritrea to Ethiopia.
- 1959, Nikita Khrushchev becomes 1st Soviet leader to visit the US.
- 1993, Liechtenstein Prince Hans-Adam II disbands Parliament
- 2004, Johnny Ramone, American guitarist (The Ramones) (b. 1948) died.
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