- 1526, The Ottoman army occupies Buda after the crushing Hungarian defeat in the Battle of Mohacs.
- 1541, Santiago, Chile, is destroyed by indigenous warriors, led by Michimalonko.
- 1609, Henry Hudson discovers Manhattan Island and the indigenous people living there.
- 1709, Battle of Malplaquet: Great Britain, Netherlands and Austria fight against France.
- 1758, Battle of Saint Cast: France repels British invasion during the Seven Years’ War.
- 1775, Benedict Arnold’s expedition to Quebec leaves Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- 1776, British-American peace conference on Staten Island fails to stop nascent American Revolutionary War.
- 1777, American Revolution: Battle of Brandywine, The British celebrate a major victory in Chester County, Pennsylvania.
- 1789, Alexander Hamilton is appointed the 1st US Secretary of the Treasury.
- 1792, The Hope Diamond is stolen along with other French crown jewels when six men break into the house used to store them.
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- 1509, An earthquake known as “The Lesser Judgment Day” hits Istanbul.
- 1547, The Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, last full scale military confrontation between England and Scotland.
- 1570, Spanish Jesuit missionaries land in present-day Virginia to establish the short-lived Ajacan Mission.
- 1608, John Smith is elected council president of Jamestown, Virginia.
- 1776, American Revolutionary War: Nathan Hale volunteers to spy for the Continental Army.
- 1798, At the Battle of St. George’s Caye, British Honduras defeats Spain.
- 1813, The US defeats the British Fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812.
- 1823, Simon Bolivar is named President of Peru.
- 1839, Isaac K. Funk, American publisher (d. 1912) was born.
- 1842, Letitia Christian Tyler, US First Lady (b. 1790) died.
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- 1379, Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Habsburg lands between the Habsburg Dukes Albert III and Leopold III.
- 1513, James IV of Scotland is defeated and dies in Battle of Flodden Field, ends Scotland’s part in War of the League of Cambrai.
- 1543, Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is crowned “Queen of Scots” in the central Scottish town of Stirling.
- 1739, Stono Rebellion, largest slave uprising in Britain’s mainland North American colonies, erupts near Charleston, SC.
- 1754, William Bligh, Royal Navy admiral and colonial administrator (d. 1817) was born.
- 1776, The Continental Congress officially names its new union of sovereign states the US.
- 1791, Washington, D.C., the capitol of the US, is named after President George Washington.
- 1801, Alexander I of Russia confirms the privileges of Baltic provinces.
- 1828, Leo Tolstoy, Russian novelist (d. 1910) was born.
- 1839, John Herschel takes the 1st glass plate photograph.
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- 1157, King Richard I of England (d. 1199) was born.
- 1449, Battle of Tumu Fortress, Mongolians capture the Chinese emperor.

- 1504, Michelangelo’s David is unveiled in Florence.
- 1565, The Knights of Malta lift the Turkish siege of Malta that began on May 18.
- 1755, French and Indian War: Battle of Lake George.
- 1756, French and Indian War: Kittanning Expedition.
- 1761, Marriage of King George III of the UK to Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
- 1831, William IV and Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen are crowned King and Queen of the UK of Great Britain and Ireland.
- 1860, The Steamship Lady Elgin sinks on Lake Michigan, with the loss of around 300 lives.
- 1888, In England the 1st six Football League matches are played.
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- 70, A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.

- 1191, Third Crusade: Battle of Arsuf, Richard I of England defeats Saladin at Arsuf.
- 1533, Queen Elizabeth I of England (d. 1603) was born.
- 1652, Around 15,000 Han farmers and militia rebel against Dutch rule on Taiwan.
- 1812, Battle of Borodino, the bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic Wars, was fought near Moscow and resulted in a French victory.
- 1818, Carl III of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim.
- 1819, Thomas A. Hendricks, 21st Vice President of the United States (d. 1885) was born.
- 1822, Dom Pedro I declares Brazil independent from Portugal on the shores of the Ipiranga Brook in Sao Paulo.
- 1860, Grandma Moses, American painter (d. 1961) was born.
- 1864, American Civil War: Atlanta, Georgia, is evacuated on orders of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman.
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